Connect with us

Editorials

Examining Satanic Panic in ‘Stranger Things’, and the Real-Life Tragedy that Inspired Eddie Munson

Published

on

Warning: Stranger Things 4 Spoilers Ahead!

Wearing black, listening to metal, and having dyed-black hair are all indicative of cult activity and devil worship.

Of course, sound minds immediately see this fallacy for what it is, but that didn’t stop it from being the conclusion many reached during the Satanic Panic of the 1980s and 1990s.

As Netflix’s Stranger Things takes place in the middle of this paranoia-fueled era, Panic’s influence on the show is true to history.

Flayed by The Church of Satan

Beginning in 1980 with the book Michelle Remembers by Lawrence Pazder and Michelle Smith, society quickly became fearful of a global satanic cult that was believed to be intent on hurting children. Luckily, some of these murderous members could be quickly identified due to their fashion choices, musical taste, or general interests (/s).

Advertisement

This global cult allegedly headed by the Church of Satan was widely believed to be committing “ritualistic assaults” on children.

One belief was that this nefarious cult could create an alternate personality within a victim embedded deep within their subconscious. This was believed so much so, that Catherine Gould and Louis Cozolino published in the Journal of Psychology and Theology in 1992 that victims of ritualistic abuse may “maintain cult contact unbeknownst to either the host personality or the treating therapist.”

Catherine Gould also published a highly criticized list of “indicators” that someone had been a victim of Satanic ritual abuse. The list is comprised of run-of-the-mill symptoms typically experienced by those enduring any manner of stress.

To put this concept into Stranger Things terminology: Victims of ritualistic abuse were believed to be like Will when he was flayed in Stranger Things 2… a spy for the Mindflayer. In this case, the Mindflayer was The Church of Satan, and those who wore black and liked rock music were believed to be a part of the Mindflayer’s army. The way to tell if someone was flayed or not was if they appeared stressed. Color me flayed.

During this panic-filled era, “over 12,000 unsubstantiated cases” were brought forth. From these cases, sprangnumerous false convictions. Now, Stranger Things’ already-beloved newcomer Eddie Munson (Joseph Quinn) seems poised to be the next casualty of the times.

Advertisement

Stranger Things 4 Set the Stage for Satanic Panic

The fate of Eddie seemed to be set from his first appearance on the show as he dramatically reads aloud a Newsweek article about Dungeons and Dragons:

The Devil has come to America. At first regarded as a harmless game of make-believe, Dungeons and Dragons now has both parents and psychologists concerned. Studies have linked violent behavior to the game, saying it promotes satanic worship, ritual sacrifice, sodomy, suicide, and even murder.”

The negative outlook society held at the time was demonstrated again in the first episode of ST4 as Mike (Finn Wolfhard) sought to find a replacement player for Lucas (Caleb McLaughlin). One student replied that D&D“promotes Satanism and animal cruelty.” When Mike objects to this outlandish claim, the student retorts that “60 Minutes begs to differ.”

From there, how this town must view someone like Eddie Munson was loud and clear. Then a twist of fate made things much worse for him.

Demonizing Eddie Munson

When cheerleading classmate Chrissy Cunningham (Grace Van Dien) is found murdered in Eddie’s trailer, the police and Hawkins alike do not take long to point the finger at the long-haired, drug-dealing, two-time-flunking rocker. As for the motive, they needn’t look any further than his Hellfire Club, with a name and logo meant clearly to honor Satan.

Advertisement

The answers to common sense questions that would exclude Eddie as a suspect did not matter. The lack of blood at the crime scene, the multitude of broken bones, and the imprint on the ceiling all indicate that this was not the work of a teenage boy, and yet he appears to be the only suspect.

If any of this rings a bell, it was intended to. As confirmed by Netflix Geeked on Twitter, Eddie Munson is “loosely based” on an actual individual: the wrongfully convicted Damien Echols of the West Memphis 3, who infamously found himself up against Satanic Panic.

Who is Damien Echols?

For those unfamiliar with the case, Echols and two of his close friends were arrested, tried, and convicted for the horrific murder of three 8-year-old children in West Memphis, Arkansas, in 1993.

The case gathered nationwide attention and criticism because, as portrayed by the HBO documentary Paradise Lost, all three teenagers were convicted without a single shred of tangible evidence linking them to the crime.

Trial By Fire, Satan’s to Blame

Echols and company were tried in the court of public opinion before the murder trial ever began. Known for their all-black style and interest in bands like Metallica and Megadeath, the town in Arkansas very quickly accepted the finger pointed at the goth teens.

Advertisement

While most will assert that the crime scene does not suggest an occult-style killing whatsoever, Paradise Lostexhibited the State arguing otherwise. The fact that the killings happened on the night of a full moon, as well as the murders taking place days after the pagan holidays Beltane and Walpurgisnacht, were presented by the court to determine occult activity was the motivating factor.

Damien Echols rejected this idea himself, proclaiming that people would rather believe this to be the work of an evil satanist than to be a crime perpetrated by someone close to one of the victims (Paradise Lost 2).

After all, it is more comfortable an idea that monsters would adhere to a certain uniform. That way, society can tell who the monsters are by simply looking at them, and one couldn’t possibly be hiding amongst them in plain sight.

Pursuant Outrage

Upon the release of the documentary Paradise Lost, detailing the court proceedings and Damien Echols’ journey into the criminal justice system, large swaths of society were quickly outraged. Johnny Depp, Winona Ryder, and Sir Peter Jackson were among the celebrities who came forward with an outpouring of support for Echols and his two friends.

Having an interest in the darker facets of life does not equate with being a murderer, and proving someone’s interest in magick is not proof of guilt. Furthermore, the police department proved negligent in collecting real evidence to secure their convictions for the crime. Despite all of this, all three defendants were found guilty.

Advertisement

There was nothing tangible that linked Echols to the murders. The state failed to prove its burden of motive or means as having an interest in Aleister Crowley is not cause for murder. Despite this, the state’s secured conviction of the goth troubled teen who doodled pentagrams made a loud and clear statement on how society viewed guilt:

If someone’s innocence is in question, look no further than the shirts they wear.

Nearly twenty years after their conviction, each member of the West Memphis 3 trio was released from prison on an Alford plea. This sort of plea amounts to a compromise in the legal justice system. It allowed them to proclaim their innocence while acknowledging that they’re still considered guilty.

Although it has been over ten years since his release, Damien Echols is still fighting today to prove his innocence once and for all.

Welcome to Where Time Stands Still”

Between being hunted by Hawkins and plunged into the Upside Down, the plight of the Hellfire Club founder, Eddie Munson, is a suspenseful one. Will he join the ranks of those wrongfully convicted during Satanic Panic? Or will he find an even worse fate at the hands of season 4’s villain, Vecna? Only time will tell.

Advertisement

A writer by both passion and profession: Tiffany Taylor is a mother of three with a lifelong interest in all things strange or mysterious. Her love for the written word blossomed from her love of horror at a young age because scary stories played an integral role in her childhood. Today, when she isn’t reading, writing, or watching scary movies, Tiffany enjoys cooking, stargazing, and listening to music.

Continue Reading
Advertisement

Editorials

Is ‘Funny Games’ The Perfect ‘Scream’ Foil?

Published

on

When I begin crafting my reviews, I do some quick background research on the film itself, but I avoid looking at what others have to say. The last thing I want is for my views to be swayed in any way by what others think or say about a film. It has been at least 13 years since I’ve seen the English-language shot-for-shot remake of Funny Games. And I didn’t remember much about it. After watching the original 1997 masterpiece just minutes ago, I quickly ran to my computer to start writing this. Whether or not I’m breaking new ground by saying this is up in the air, and I could even be very incorrect with this: Funny Games is the perfect foil to Scream, and the irreparable damage it has caused to the slasher subgenre.

The Family at the Center of this Film

Funny Games follows the upper-class family of Anna (Susanne Lothar), George (Ulrich Mühe), son Georgie (Stefan Clapczynski), and dog Rolfi (Rolfi?), who arrive at their lake house for a few weeks of undisturbed peace. Soon after their arrival, they’re met by Paul (Arno Frisch) and Peter (Frank Giering), two white-clad yuppies who seem just a bit off. Who will survive and who will die in this game that is less funny than the title suggests?

I’ve made this statement about Scream time and time again. Before I get into it too much, let’s take a quick step back to ward off the Ryan C. Showers-like people. I love Scream (as well as 2, 5, and 6). It created a new wave of filmmakers and singlehandedly brought the slasher subgenre back from the dead like a Resident Evil zombie. Like what Tarantino did to independent crime thrillers of the 2000s and 10s, Scream has done to slashers. Post-Scream, slashers felt the need to be overtly meta and as twisty as possible, even at the film’s own demise. There is nothing wrong with a slasher film attempting to be smart. The problem arises when filmmakers who can’t pull it off think they can.

Is Funny Games Anti-Horror or Anti-Slasher?

The barebones rumblings I’ve heard about Funny Games over the years are that writer/director Michael Haneke calls it anti-horror. I would posit that Funny Games unknowingly found itself as more of an anti-slasher rather than an anti-horror. (Hell, it could be both!) Scream would release to acclaim just one year before Haneke’s incredible creation, so I can’t definitively say that Funny Games is a direct response to Scream, as much as I would like to.

Meta-ness has existed in cinema and art long before Scream came to be. Though if you had asked me when I was a freshman in high school, I would have told you Wes Craven created the idea of being meta. It just strikes me as a bit odd that two incredibly meta horror films would be released just one year apart and have such an impact on the genre. Whereas Scream uses its meta nature to make the audience do the Leonardo in Once Upon a Time in Hollywood meme, Haneke uses it as a mirror for the audience.

Advertisement

Scream vs. Funny Games: A Clash of Meta Intentions

Scream doesn’t ask the audience to figure out which killer is behind the mask at which points; it just assumes that you will suspend your disbelief enough to accept it. Funny Games subverts this idea by showing you the perpetrators immediately and then forcing you to sit in the same room with them, faces uncovered, for nearly the film’s entire runtime. Scream was flashy and fun, Funny Games is long and uncomfortable. Haneke forces the audience to sit with the atrocities and exist within the trauma felt by the family as they’re brutally picked off one by one.

Funny Games utilizes fourth wall breaks to wink at the audience. Haneke is, more or less, trying to make the audience feel bad for what they’re watching. Each time Paul looks at the camera, it’s almost as if he’s saying, “You wanted this.” One of the most intriguing moments in the film is when Peter gets killed and Paul says, “Where is the remote?” before grabbing it, pressing rewind, and going back moments before Anna kills Peter. This is a direct middle finger to the audience. You think you’re getting a final girl in this nasty picture? Hell no. You asked for this, so you’re getting this.

A Contemptuous Look at Slasher Tropes

Both Funny Games are the only Haneke films I’ve seen, so I can’t speak much on his oeuvre. But Funny Games almost feels contemptful about horror, slashers in particular. The direct nature of the boys and their constant presence in each scene eliminates any potential plot holes. E.g., how did Jason Voorhees get from one side of the lake to a cabin a quarter of a mile away? You just have to believe! In horror, we’ve come to accept that when you’re watching a slasher film, you MUST accept what’s given to you. Haneke proves it can be done simply and effectively.

Whether you think it’s horror or not, Funny Games is one of the greatest horror films of all time. Before the elevated horror craze that exists to inflict misery on the viewers, Haneke had “been there, done that.” When [spoiler] dies, [spoiler] and [spoiler] sit in the living room in silence for nearly two minutes in a single uncut shot. Then, in the same uncut shot, [spoiler] starts keening for another two or three minutes. Nearly every slasher film moves on after a kill. Occasionally, we’ll get a funeral service or a memorial set up at the local high school for the slain teenagers. But there’s rarely an effective reflection on the loss of life in a slasher film. Funny Games tells you that you will reflect on death because you asked for death. You bought the ticket (rented the film), so you must reap what you sow.

Why Funny Games Remains One-of-a-Kind

This piece has been overly harsh on slasher films, and that was not the intention. Behind found footage, slasher films are probably my second favorite subgenre. As someone who has watched their fair share of them, it’s easy to see the pre-Scream and post-Scream shift. But there’s this weird disconnect where slasher films had transformed from commentary on life and loss to nothing more than flashy kills where a clown saws a woman from crotch to cranium, and then refuses to pay her fairly. Funny Games is an impressive meditation on horror and horror audiences. Even the title is a poke at the absurdity of slashers. If you haven’t seen Funny Games, I highly suggest checking it out because I can promise you, you’ve never seen a horror film like it. And we probably never will again.

Advertisement
Continue Reading

Editorials

‘The Woman in Black’ Remake Is Better Than The Original

Published

on

As a horror fan, I tend to think about remakes a lot. Not why they are made, necessarily. That answer is pretty clear: money. But something closer to “if they have to be made, how can they be made well?” It’s rare to find a remake that is generally considered to be better than the original. However, there are plenty that have been deemed to be valuable in a different way. You can find these in basically all subgenres. Sci-fi, for instance (The Thing, The Blob). Zombies (Dawn of the Dead, Evil Dead). Even slashers (The Texas Chainsaw Massacre, My Bloody Valentine). However, when it comes to haunted house remakes, only The Woman in Black truly stands out, and it is shockingly underrated. Even more intriguingly, it is demonstrably better than the original movie.

The Original Haunted House Movie Is Almost Always Better

Now please note, I’m specifically talking about movies with haunted houses, rather than ghost movies in general. We wouldn’t want to be bringing The Ring into this conversation. That’s not fair to anyone.

Plenty of haunted house movies are minted classics, and as such, the subgenre has gotten its fair share of remakes. These are, almost unilaterally, some of the most-panned movies in a format that attracts bad reviews like honey attracts flies.

You’ve got 2005’s The Amityville Horror (a CGI-heavy slog briefly buoyed by a shirtless, possessed Ryan Reynolds). That same year’s Dark Water (one of many inert remakes of Asian horror films to come from that era). 1999’s The House on Haunted Hill (a manic, incoherent effort that millennial nostalgia has perhaps been too kind to). That same year there was The Haunting (a manic, incoherent effort that didn’t even earn nostalgia in the first place). And 2015’s Poltergeist (Remember this movie? Don’t you wish you didn’t?). And while I could accept arguments about 2001’s THIR13EN Ghosts, it’s hard to compete with a William Castle classic.

The Problem with Haunted House Remakes

Generally, I think haunted house remakes fail so often because of remakes’ compulsive obsession with updating the material. They throw in state-of-the-art special effects, the hottest stars of the era, and big set piece action sequences. Like, did House on Haunted Hill need to open with that weird roller coaster scene? Of course it didn’t.

However, when it comes to haunted house movies, bigger does not always mean better. They tend to be at their best when they are about ordinary people experiencing heightened versions of normal domestic fears. Bumps in the night, unexplained shadows, and the like. Maybe even some glowing eyes or a floating child. That’s all fine and dandy. But once you have a giant stone lion decapitating Owen Wilson, things have perhaps gone a bit off the rails.

Advertisement

The One Big Exception is The Woman in Black

The one undeniable exception to the haunted house remake rule is 2012’s The Woman in Black. If we want to split hairs, it’s technically the second adaptation of the Susan Hill novel of the same name. But The Haunting was technically a Shirley Jackson re-adaptation, and that still counts as a remake, so this does too.

The novel follows a young solicitor being haunted when handling a client’s estate at the secluded Eel Marsh House. The property was first adapted into a 1989 TV movie starring Adrian Rawlings, and it was ripe for a remake. In spite of having at least one majorly eerie scene, the 1989 movie is in fact too simple and small-scale. It is too invested in the humdrum realities of country life to have much time to be scary. Plus, it boasts a small screen budget and a distinctly “British television” sense of production design. Eel Marsh basically looks like any old English house, with whitewashed walls and a bland exterior.

Therefore, the “bigger is better” mentality of horror remakes took The Woman in Black to the exact level it needed.

The Woman in Black 2012 Makes Some Great Choices

2012’s The Woman in Black deserves an enormous amount of credit for carrying the remake mantle superbly well. By following a more sedate original, it reaches the exact pitch it needs in order to craft a perfect haunted house story. Most appropriately, the design of Eel Marsh House and its environs are gloriously excessive. While they don’t stretch the bounds of reality into sheer impossibility, they completely turn the original movie on its head.

Eel Marsh is now, as it should be, a decaying, rambling pile where every corner might hide deadly secrets. It’d be scary even if there wasn’t a ghost inside it, if only because it might contain copious black mold. Then you add the marshy grounds choked in horror movie fog. And then there’s the winding, muddy road that gets lost in the tide and feels downright purgatorial. Finally, you have a proper damn setting for a haunted house movie that plumbs the wicked secrets of the wealthy.

Advertisement

Why The Woman in Black Remake Is an Underrated Horror Gem

While 2012’s The Woman in Black is certainly underrated as a remake, I think it is even more underrated as a haunted house movie. For one thing, it is one of the best examples of the pre-Conjuring jump-scare horror movie done right. And if you’ve read my work for any amount of time, you know how positively I feel about jump scares. The Woman in Black offers a delectable combo platter of shocks designed to keep you on your toes. For example, there are plenty of patient shots that wait for you to notice the creepy thing in the background. But there are also a number of short sharp shocks that remain tremendously effective.

That is not to say that the movie is perfect. They did slightly overstep with their “bigger is better” move to cast Daniel Radcliffe in the lead role. It was a big swing making his first post-Potter role that of a single father with a four-year-old kid. It’s a bit much to have asked 2012 audiences to swallow, though it reads slightly better so many years later.

However, despite its flaws, The Woman in Black remake is demonstrably better than the original. In nearly every conceivable way. It’s pure Hammer Films confection, as opposed to a television drama without an ounce of oomph.

Advertisement
Continue Reading

Horror Press Mailing List

Fangoria
Advertisement
Advertisement